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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso utilizes precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to make the delicious coffee we enjoy. What exactly does it work?

In order to make espresso hot water is pushed under pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee. However the pressure is the major difference.

The Group Head

The group head is the portafilter you insert when brewing espresso. It distributes water into the portafilter, and regulates the pressure of the extraction. There are many different types of group heads, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Some are focused on temperature stability, some on pre-infusion options, and others are designed to control the lever. Some are a combination, such as the E61. This is a very popular choice for baristas due to the fact that it has multiple advantages in one package.

As you can see in the above photo the group head is made up of many notches in which you can place your portafilter and twist it manually to lock it in. There is also a gasket of rubber that resides inside the notches, which helps create a seal when you insert your portafilter into the machine. The notches allow for the precise placement of the portafilter. This is crucial for an efficient extraction.

In addition to allowing you easily place your portafilter in, the group head is responsible for maintaining an even temperature. It does this by cycling hot water through the brew pan and around the portafilter to ensure that it's always at the right temperature for extraction. It is important to remember that even a few degree difference can make the difference between a great and a great espresso.

The Pump

Unlike manual piston machines, which rely on a lever that pressurize water, rotary espresso maker machines rely on motorized pumps to deliver the nine atmospheric bars of pressure required to extract espresso. The pressure builds up by removing tap water from a reservoir, and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior being shot through the ground coffee in the group head.

Pumps are typically less expensive and last for longer than piston-driven machines. However, both kinds of machines may degrade due to excessive use and inadequate cleaning. They also increase the complexity of mechanical systems that can lead to a high price tag on even the most basic models.

Certain espresso machines do away with the pump completely and instead use steam pressure to brew espresso. The downside is that the same boiler that produces steam also raises the temperature of water until it reaches boiling which could lead to excessive extraction. Additionally, these machines frequently have to rebuild their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

Many espresso machines employ an rotary or vibrating pump, which is a vibration model using a vibrating disc that generates the pressure and rotating models that push hot water through the grounds under high speed. Both machines produce great espresso, but rotary machines are more stable, quieter and less likely to fail.

The Boiler

The boiler heats the water to the ideal temperature for extraction. The resultant steam then reaches the portafilter, which contains the ground espresso coffee and is then funneled down into the cup. In this process, the steam creates pressure and pushes through the grounds of the coffee. This results in a layer crema that is then poured over. This is one of the hallmarks of a great espresso.

There are three types of espresso makers, and they differ in the type of pump they employ and the degree of heat that the coffee is. There are various ways in which the brew could be controlled as well as the size of the cup the machine can make.

The first espresso machines were steam-types. The first espresso machines were steam-type machines. The coffee tasted bitter and burned. This is why the Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni developed the modern espresso machine.

The most well-known espresso machine is a semiautomatic with an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they imagine these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans on your own The pump, however, regulates the water flow and pressure. This is a great compromise between the human touch and the mechanized consistency.

The Filter

Typically, espresso coffee maker machines employ filters to separate the grounds of coffee as they move through the hot water. The filter is also an essential component of the machine's temperature control, since it helps to prevent overheating.

It also enhances flavor, since a filter allows for a more prolonged bloom time. This allows beans to release their flavors and provides an opportunity for better extraction.

It is important to remember that even the finest filter could result in a poor cup of coffee. The quality of the beans and the extraction, remain crucial.

It's in this area that the magic occurs. This is what makes espresso maker barista taste so good. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you place the portafilter, the thingy which you put the coffee grounds in, when making discount espresso machines.

In a steam-driven espresso machine, hot water is heated in an airtight container to create steam, which then pushes the hot water through the grounds with high pressure. They are less expensive and easier for the owner to maintain than pumps-driven models. However, they are limited in their ability to create the ideal conditions for brewing as they only operate at 1-1.5 bars of pressure, while the perfect shot requires 9-10 bar.

In recent years, compressed air pump-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They use an air compressor to push hot water across the ground and are much more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.